Community
Development Financial Institutions (CDFIs)
ARTICLES
Lynn Adler and Jim Mayer, “Interview: Martin Eakes,”
Faith, Hope and Capital. Produced by Tenth Street Media, Ideas in
Action, and Oregon Public Broadcasting. 2000.
www.pbs.org/capital/stories/martin-eakes-print.html
Lynn Adler and Jim Mayer. “Interview of Sister Mary Lucie
and Doris Gromley,” Faith Hope and Capital, San Francisco
and Portland: Tenth Street Media, Ideas in Motion and Oregon Public
Broadcasting, 2000.
www.pbs.org/capital/stories/sisters-print.html
Lynn Adler and Jim Mayer, “Interview: Richard Taub,”
Faith, Hope and Capital. Produced by Tenth Street Media, Ideas in
Action, and Oregon Public Broadcasting. 2000.
www.pbs.org/capital/stories/richard-taub-print.html
Pedro Arce, “We Just Knock on Doors,” Communities & Banking, Boston, MA: Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, summer 2008, pp. 28-30.
article-arce.pdf (140KB)
Charles Bromley, et al., Paying More for the American Dream III: Promoting Responsible
Lending to Lower-Income Communities and Communities of Color, Chicago, IL: Woodstock
Institute, April 2009.
article-bromley-et-al.pdf (3.4MB)
Carole Carlson and Prabal Chakrabarti, “Venture Capital in New England
Secondary Cities,” New England Community Developments, Federal Reserve
Bank of Boston, issue 1, 2007.
article-carlson-chakrabarti.pdf
(264KB)
CDFI Coalition, “What are CDFIs?” Arlington, VA: CDFI Coalition,
no date.
www.cdfi.org/index.php?page=info-1a
Brandy Curtis, “An Overview of the CDFI Industry,” New England
Community Developments, Boston, MA: Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, 2006, issue
2.
article-curtis.pdf
(226KB)
Chrissa Shoemaker Debree, “Creating Real Opportunity,” Bucks County
Courrier Times, March 4, 2007.
article-debree.pdf
(72KB)
Dona DeZube, “The Tragedy of Foreclosure: Community-Based Nonprofits Respond,”
NeighborWorks Bright Ideas, Washington, DC: NeighborWorks America, summer 2006,
pp. 6-14.
article-dezube.pdf (1.2MB)
Carla Dickstein, Diane Branscomb, John Piotti, and Elizabeth Sheehan, “Crafting
Sustainable Development: A Case Study of Maine’s Coast Enterprise, Inc.”
Making Waves, Vol. 10, no. 2, October 1999.
article-dickstein-et-al.pdf (750KB)
Elaine L. Edgcomb, Written Statement to the House Committee on Small Business:
Hearing on SBA Microloan Program, Washington, DC: The Aspen Institute, June
14, 2007.
article-edgcomb.pdf
(120KB)
Marissa Fajt, “Barrera's
Pioneering Microlender Expanding its Mission,” American Banker, December
5, 2008.
article-fajt.pdf (100KB)
Lee Gimpel, "Diving Opportunities," Richmond, VA: Worth, December
12, 2007.
article-gimpel.pdf (160KB)
Elaine Appleton Grant, "High-Risk Loans—From a Nonprofit," New York,
NY: Inc.com, 2008.
article-grant.pdf (74KB)
Katy Jacob and Malcolm Bush, “CRA and CDFIs Revisited: The Importance
of Bank Investments for the Community Development Financial Institutions Industry
and Implications for CRA Regulatory Review,” Reinvestment Alert, no. 20,
April 2003.
article-jacob.pdf
(42KB)
Joyce Klein and Carol
Wayman, “Encouraging Entrepreneurship: A Microenterprise Development Policy
Agenda,” San Francisco, CA: Community Investments, Winter 2008.
article-klein-wayman.pdf
(290KB)
Michou Kokodoko, “Microenterprise development in the U.S.: Past, present,
and future— A conversation with Elaine Edgcomb, Director, Aspen Institute
Microenterprise Fund for Innovation, Effectiveness, Learning and Dissemination,”
Community Dividend, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, issue 2, 2007.
article-kokodoko.pdf
(288KB)
Randall S. Kroszner, “The Community Reinvestment Act and the recent mortgage
crisis,” Washington, DC: Speech at the Confronting Concentrated Poverty
Policy Forum, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, December 3, 2008.
article-kroszner.pdf (43KB)
Chuck Matthei: “The Value of Land in Economics,” “Faith
and Finance,” and “The Spirit of Work,” Sojourners. November
1993, December 1993, and March 1994
article-matthei.pdf
(313KB)
John A. Moore, “Native
American Lending in Maine,” Communities & Banking, Boston, MA: Federal
Reserve Bank of Boston, May 2009.
article-moore.pdf (214KB)
Saurabh Narain and Joseph Schmidt, “NCIF Social Performance Metrics: Increasing
the Flow of Investments in Distressed Neighborhoods through Community Development
Banking Institutions,” San Francisco, CA: Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco,
Community Development Investment Review, vol. 5, no. 2, August 2009, pp. 65-75.
article-narain-schmidt.pdf (300KB)
Jeremy Nowak, Economic Crisis, Civil Society & Creativity, New York, NY: address
to the Association of Performing Arts Presenters, 2009.
article-nowak09.pdf (80KB)
Ronald L. Phillips, “New Approaches in Social Investing,” Communities
& Banking, winter 2006, pp. 3-6.
article-phillips.pdf
(144KB)
Mark Pinksy, “NOW! The State of Opportunity Finance,” Albuquerque,
NM: Prepared Text for the 24th Annual Opportunity Finance Network Conference,
December 10, 2008.
article-pinsky08.pdf (120KB)
*NEW*
Mark Pinsky, “The New Normal,” State of the CDFI Industry Address,
Opportunity Finance Network, Charlotte, NC: October 28, 2009.
article-pinsky09.pdf
(190KB)
Bárbara J. Robles, “Latina Microenterprise and the U.S.- Mexico Border Economy,” The Estey Centre Journal of International Law and Trade Policy, vol. 3, no. 2, 2002, pp. 307-327.
article-robles.pdf (580KB)
Lisa Servon and Timothy Bates, “Microenterprise as an Exit Route from
Poverty,” Journal of Urban Affairs, Vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 419-441.
Julia S. Rubin, “Adaptation or Extinction? Community Development Loan Funds
at a Crossroads,” Journal of Urban Affairs, vol. 30, no. 2, 2008, pp. 191-220.
article-rubin.pdf (200KB)
Julia S. Rubin. “Adaption or Extinction? Community Development Loan Funds
at a Crossroads,” Journal of Urban Affairs, Vol. 30, no. 2, pp 181-220,
2008.
article-rubin08.pdf (200KB)
Julia Sass Rubin and Gregory M. Stankiewicz, “The Los Angeles Community
Development Bank: The Possible Pitfalls of Public-Private Partnerships,”
Journal of Urban Affairs, Vol. 23, no. 2, pp 133-53, 2001.
article-rubin-stankiewicz.pdf (90KB)
Tracy Fernandez Rysavy and Prianjali Mascarenhas, "Financing Hope,"
Bainbridge, WA: Yes! Magazine, Winter 2007,
article-rysavy-mascarenhas.pdf (170KB)
Ellen Seidman and Mark Huelsman, “The Promise and Responsibility of Community
Finance,” Durham, NH: The Carsey Institute, Policy Brief no. 11, Winter
2009.
article-seidman-huelsman.pdf (130KB)
Ellen Seidman and Andrew Jakabovics, Learning From the Past: The Asset Disposition
Experiences of The Home Owners Loan Corporation, the Resolution Trust Corporation
and the Asset Control Area Program, Washington, DC; Center for American Progress
and New America Foundation, September 2008.
article-seidman-jakabovics.pdf (170KB)
Ellen Seidman and Jeremy Nowak, A Call to Action: Rediscovering a Public Purpose
in Financial Services, Philadelphia, PA: Opportunity Finance Network, February
2009.
article-seidman-nowak.pdf (90KB)
Ellen Seidman and Phil Longman, "To Save America's Finances, Bring
Back Community Banking," Washington, DC: New America Foundation, November
20, 2008.
article-seldman-longman.pdf (240KB)
Amy Simpkins, Community Development Venture Capital: Producing Results for Entrepreneurs,
Investors, and Communities, St. Louis, MO: Federal Reserve, Summer 2006.
article-simpkins.pdf (657KB)
Peter Skillern and Tanya Wolfram, “Transforming Trailers into Assets,”
Popular Government, winter 2005, pp. 4-11.
article-skillern.pdf
(632KB)
Gregory D. Squires, “Urban Development and Unequal Access to Housing Finance
Services,” New York, NY: New York Law School Review, Vol. 53, p. 255-68,
2008/09.
article-squires.pdf (150KB)
Gregory M. Stanton, Unblocking Obstacles to Capital Markets for
Community Economic Development Lenders. Manchester, NH: Southern
New Hampshire University (School of Economic Development), June
2003.
article-stanton.pdf
(665KB)
Kathy Stearns, “CDFI Investing Made Easy with CARS,” Partners
in Community and Economic Development, vol. 16, no. 3 (2006).
articles-stearns.pdf
(88KB)
Michael Stegman, “Payday Lending,” Journal of Economic Perspectives,
vol. 21, no. 1, winter 2007, pages 169-190.
article-stegman.pdf
(116KB)
Jon Swan, “Native American Bank: Banking the Unbanked,” Communities & Banking, Boston, MA: Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, summer 2008, pp. 20-23.
article-swan.pdf (370KB)
Josh Taylor and Josh Silver, “The Community Reinvestment Act at 30: Looking
Back and Looking to the Future,” New York, NY: New York Law School Review,
Vol. 53, p. 203-25, 2008/09.
article-taylor-silver.pdf (300KB)
Marva Williams and Tim Westrich, Bibliography: Alternative Financial Institutions,
Chicago: Woodstock Institute.
article-williams.pdf
(109KB)
BOOKS
The Aspen Institute, 2002 Directory of U.S. Microenterprise Programs.
Washington, D.C.: The Aspen Institute, 2002.
John Kretzmann and John McKnight, Building Communities from the
Inside Out. Chicago: ACTA Publications, 1993.
James Stevens, Show Me the Money: Promises and Pitfalls of Asset Growth in Community
Development Credit Unions and Loan Funds, Boston, MA: Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, June 2006.
book-stevens.pdf (6.1MB)
PAPERS
Adina Abramowitz , Bryony Edwards, and Genevieve Melford, Community Development
Finance in Los Angeles Challenges and Responses, Philadelphia, PA: Opportunity
Finance Network, July 2006.
paper-abromowitz-et-al.pdf (3.94MB)
Jason Bailey, Assessment
of Triple Bottom Line Financing Interventions, Berea, KY: Mountain Association
for Community Development, July 2008.
paper-bailey08.pdf (475KB)
Lehn Benjamin, Julia Sass Rubin, and Sean Zielenbach, “Community Development
Financial Institutions: Current Issues and Future Prospects.” Seeds of
Growth: Sustainable Community Development: What Works, What Doesn’t and
Why. Washington, D.C.: The Federal Reserve Systems’ Third Community Affairs
Research Conference, March 27-28, 2003.
paper-benjamin.pdf
(203KB)
Federal Reserve Chairman Ben S. Bernanke, Community Development Financial Institutions:
Promoting Economic Growth and Opportunity, Washington, DC: address to the Opportunity
Finance Network’s Annual Conference, November 1, 2006.
paper-bernacke.pdf
(112KB)
Ricardo Borgos, Prabal Chakrabarti, and Julia Reade, Understanding Foreclosures
in Massachusetts, Community Affairs Discussion Paper 07-1, Boston, MA: Federal
Reserve Bank of Boston, March 2007.
paper-borgos-et-al.pdf
(304KB)
Anne Claire Broughton, assisted by Elizabeth Irons, Jessica Thomas, and Jennifer
Pawlowski, Beyond Paycheck to Paycheck: Wealth-Building Strategies for Venture
Capital Funds to Use With Portfolio Companies and Their Employees, Durham, NC:
SJF Ventures, 2004.
paper-broughton.pdf
(2MB)
Patrick Carr, Attaching Federal Funds for Opportunity Finance, Philadelphia, PA:
Opportunity Finance Network, 2008.
paper-carr.pdf (6MB)
Community Development Venture Capital Alliance, The New Markets Venture Capital
Program: Providing Equity Capital and Expertise to Entrepreneurs in Low-Income
Urban and Rural Communities, New York, NY: CDVCA, July 2006.
paper-cdvca.pdf
(119KB)
Center for Financial Services Innovation, Marrying Financial Transactions with
Asset-Building Opportunities, Chicago: CFSI, July 2005.
paper-cfsi.pdf
(244KB)
Kristi Coker, Innovation Guide: Citizen Potawatomi Community Development Corporation: The Employee Loan Program, Philadelphia, PA: Opportunity Finance Network, March 2008.
paper-coker.pdf (1.6MB)
Spencer M. Cowan, Danielle Spurlock, Janneke Ratcliffe, and Haiou Zhu, Community
Development Financial Institutions and the Segmentation of Underserved Markets,
working paper, Chapel Hill, NC: Center for Community Capital, University of
North Carolina, August 27, 2008.
paper-cowan-et-al.pdf
(400KB)
Paul Davidson, Policy Note: How to Solve the U.S. Housing Problem and Avoid
a Recession: A Revived HOLC and TRC, New York, NY: Schwartz Center for Economic
Policy Analsyis, New School for Social Research, January 2008.
paper-davidson.pdf (130KB)
James DeFilippis, “On Community, Economic Development and Credit Unions,”
paper presented on COMM-ORG: The On-Line Conference on Community Organizing
and Development.
http://comm-org.wisc.edu/papers2001/defilippis2.htm
Penelope Douglas, Beth Sirull, and Pete November, Development Investment Capital:
Three Steps to Establishing an Asset Class for Investing in Underserved Markets,
San Francisco, CA: Pacific Community Ventures, May 2006.
paper-douglas-et-al.pdf
(260KB)
Rebecca Dunn and Mary O’Hara, Innovation Guide: Cooperative Fund of New England and Cooperative Capital Fund: An Equity/Debt Package to Grow the Cooperative Economy, Philadelphia, PA: Opportunity Finance Network, November 2007.
paper-dunn-ohara.pdf (1.5MB)
Gary A. Dynaki, “New Markets” or Old Constraints?” Financing
Community Development in the Post-“War on Poverty” Era. Paper presented
for the National Economics Association conference, Philadelphia, PA, January
7-9, 2005.
paper-dynacki.pdf
(198KB)
Elaine Edgcomb, Joyce A. Klein, and Tamra Thetford, Pursuing Sustainability
in the Microenterprise Field: Findings from a Literature Review by Field, Washington,
DC: Microenterprise Fund for Innovation, Effectiveness, Learning and Dissemination,
The Aspen Institute, March 2007.
paper-edgcomb-et-al.pdf
(684KB)
Bryony Edwards, Predatory Mortgage Lending and the Current Foreclosure Crisis: Market Challenges and Opportunity Finance Responses, Philadelphia, PA: Opportunity Finance Network, June 2008.
paper-edwards.pdf (2MB)
Ren S. Essene and William Apgar, Understanding Mortgage Market Behavior: Creating
Good Mortgage Options for All Americans, Cambridge, MA: Joint Center for Housing
Studies, Harvard University, April 25, 2007.
paper-essene-apgar.pdf
(284KB)
Matt Fellowes and Mia Mabanta, Banking on Wealth: America’s New Retail
Banking Infrastructure and Its Wealth-Building Potential, Washington, DC: Brookings
Institution, Metropolitan Policy Program, January 2008.
paper-fellowes-mabanta.pdf (1.7MB)
Matt Fellowes and Mia Mabanta, Borrowing to Get Ahead, and Behind: The Credit
Boom and Bust in Lower-Income Markets, Washington D.C., Metropolitan Policy
Program, The Brookings Institution, May 2007.
paper-fellowes-mabanta.pdf
(2.4MB)
Pamela Friedman, “Banking the Unbanked: Helping Low-Income Families
Build Financial Assets,” Strategy Brief, Washington, D.C.: The Finance
Project, September 2005.
paper-friedman.pdf
(68KB)
Anne Gasse, Post-Foreclosure Community Stabilization Strategies: Case Studies
and Early Lessons 2008, NeighborWorks America, November 2008.
paper-gasse.pdf (1.2MB)
Carrie Hammerman, Brian Tell, David Black and Elaine Edgcomb, Making Every Business
Count: Findings from a Study of Michigan’s Microenterprise Field, Ann
Arbor, MI and Washington, DC: Corporation for a Skilled Workforce and The Aspen
Institute, April 2007.
paper-hammerman-et-al.pdf
(488KB)
*NEW*
Raul Hinojosa Ojeda, The Continuing Home Foreclosure Tsunami: Disproportionate
Impacts on Black and Latino Communities, William C. Velasquez Institute, October
2009.
paper-hinojosa_ojeda.pdf
(127KB)
Amy L.W. Hosier with Artem Gonopolskiy, Caroline McCarthy, and Sonya Ravindranath,
Corporate Civic Investment Funds: New Models for Community Development Finance?
Fairfax, VA: ICF Consulting, March 2003.
paper-hosier-et-al.pdf (406KB)
Dan Immergluck, Community Response to the Foreclosure Crisis: Thoughts on Local
Interventions,” Atlanta, GA: Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, October 2008.
paper-immergluck.pdf (180KB)
Maurice Jourdain-Earl, Politics and the Subprime Mortgage Meltdown: An Examination
of Disparities by Congressional District, Political Party, Caucus Affiliation,
and Race, ComplianceTech, 2009.
paper-jourdain_earl.pdf
(2.5MB)
*NEW*
G. Thomas Kingsley, Robin E. Smith, and David Price, The Impacts of Foreclosure
on Families and Communities: A Primer, Washington, DC: Metropolitan Housing
and Communities Center, Urban Institute, July 2009.
paper-kingsley-et-al.pdf
(120KB)
James Lardner, Beyond the Mortgage Meltdown: Addressing the Current Crisis, Avoiding
a Future Catastrophe, New York, NY: Demos, June 2008.
paper-lardner.pdf (700KB)
Andrea Levere, Bill Schweke, and Beadsie Woo, Development Finance and Regional
Economic Development, Washington, DC: CFED, July 2006.
paper-levere-et-al.pdf
(356KB)
Gary Lindner, Gustavo Lasala, Nelly Rojas-Moreno, and David Gonzalez, Innovation Guide: Acción Texas: Automated Risk Rating and Integrated Portfolio Management, Philadelphia, PA: Opportunity Finance Network, March 2008.
paper-lindner-et-al.pdf (2MB)
Alan Mallach, Tackling the Mortgage Crisis: 10 Action Steps for State Government,
Washington, DC: Brookings, Metropolitan Policy Program, May 2008.
paper-mallach.pdf (1.5MB)
Kirsten Moy and Alan Okagaki, “Changing Capital Markets and their Implications
for Community Development Finance.” Capital Xchange. The Brookings Institution
Center on Urban and Metropolitan Policy and Harvard University Joint Center
for Housing Studies, July 2001.
paper-moy.pdf (58KB)
National Community Reinvestment Coalition and Woodstock Institute, A Lifetime
of Assets —Asset Preservation: Trends and Interventions in Asset Stripping
Services and Products, Washington, DC and Chicago, IL: NCRC and Woodstock, September
2006.
paper-ncrc-woodstock.pdf
(185KB)
Mark Pinsky. “Taking Stock: CDFIs Look Ahead After 25 Years of Community
Development Finance.” Capital Xchange. Harvard University, Joint Center
for Housing Studies and The Brookings Institution, Center on Urban and Metropolitan
Policy, December 2001.
paper-pinsky.pdf
(295KB)
Mark Pinsky, Nancy Andrews, Paul Weech, Ellen Seidman and Rick Cohen, The Economic
Crisis and Community Development Finance: An Industry Assessment, Community
Development Investment Center, working paper 2009-05, San Francisco, CA: Federal
Reserve Bank of San Francisco, May 2009.
paper-pinsky-et-al.pdf (800KB)
Janneke Ratcliffe, North Carolina Consumers after Payday Lending: Attitudes and Experiences with Credit Options, Chapel Hill, NC: Center for Community Capitalism, The Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise, Kenan-Flagler Business School, University of North Carolina, November 2007.
paper-ratcliffe.pdf
(1.2MB)
Julia Sass Rubin, Community Development Venture Capital: A Double-Bottom Line
Approach to Poverty Alleviation.” Paper presented at Changing Financial
Markets and Community Development conference, Washington, D.C.: Federal Reserve
April 4-6, 2001, pp. 121-154.
paper-rubin.pdf
(255KB)
Julia Sass Rubin, John P. Caskey, Carla Dickstein, and Sean Zielenbach, Assessing
the Systematic Impact of Community Development Loan Funds, U.S. Department of
the Treasury, CDFI Fund research initiative, October 2008.
paper-rubin-et-al.pdf
(850KB)
Lester M. Salamon with Stephanie L. Geller, Investment Capital: The New Challenge
for American Nonprofits, Communiqué No. 5, Baltimore, MD: The Listening
Post Project, Center for Civil Society, Institute for Policy Studies, Johns
Hopkins University, 2006.
paper-salamon-geller.pdf
(584KB)
Arjan Schütte, Innovative Trends in Nonprofit Financial Services to the
Underbanked, Chicago, IL; Center for Financial Services Innovation, September
2005.
paper-schutte.pdf
(289KB)
Ellen Seidman, The New Markets Tax Credit: A Valuable Tool for Economic Development,
New York, NY: Living Cities, April 22, 2007.
paper-seidman.pdf
(128KB)
Joshua Silver, Milena Kornyl, Geoff Smith,Greg Bischak, Ray Daffner, and William
Grant, Access to Capital and Credit For Small Businesses in Appalachia, Washington,
DC: National Community Reinvestment Corporation and Appalachian Regional Commission,
May 2007.
paper-silver-et-al.pdf
(944KB)
Geoff Smith, Jennifer Newon, Sean Zielenbach, and Sarah Duda, Collaborators or
Competitors? Exploring the Relationships between Community Development Financial
Institutions and Conventional Lenders in Small Business Finance, San Francisco,
SF: The Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, Community Development Investment
Center, Working Paper 2009-02, March 2009.
paper-smith-et-al.pdf (770KB)
Geoff Smith, Jennifer Newon, Sean Zielenbach, and Sarah Duda, Collaborators
or Competitors? Exploring the Relationships between Community Development Financial
Institutions and Conventional Lenders in Small Business Finance, U.S. Department
of the Treasury, CDFI Fund research initiative, October 2008.
paper-smith-et-al09.pdf
(1MB)
Jon Spader, Janneke Ratcliffe and Michael A. Stegman, Latino Lending: Analysis
of the Consumer Loan Portfolio of North Carolina’s Cooperativa Communitaria
Latino de Crédito, Chapel Hill, NC: Center for Community Capitalism,
The Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise, Kenan-Flagler Business
School, University of North Carolina, September 21, 2005.
paper-spader-et-al.pdf
(228KB)
Michael A. Stegman, Allison Freeman, and Jong-Gyu Paik, The Portfolios and Wealth
of Low-Income Homeowners and Renters: Findings from an Evaluation of Self-Help
Ventures Fund’s Community Advantage Program, Community Development Working
Paper, San Francisco, CA: Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, October 2007.
paper-stegman-et-al.pdf
(1.5MB)
John Taylor, NCRC's John Taylor Testifies Before House Financial Services Committee,
Washington, DC: National Community Reinvestment Coalition, October 25, 2007.
paper-taylor.pdf
(220KB)
Jennifer Tescher, Edna Sawady, and Stephen Kutner, The Power of Experience in
Understanding the Underbanked Market, Chicago, IL: Center for Financial Services
Innovation, June 2007.
paper-tescher-et-al.pdf
(380KB)
Sally K. Ward, Charlie French, Kelly Giraud, and Paul Bradley, Affordable
Housing and Asset Development: The Role of Land Ownership in Mobile Home Parks,
Durham, NH: Carsey Institute, University of New Hampshire, September 6, 2006,
paper prepared for presentation in Phoenix, AZ: CFED Assets Learning Conference—A
Lifetime of Assets: Building Families, Communities & Economies, Sept. 21,
2006.
paper-ward-et-al.pdf
(113KB)
Tim Westrich with John Taylor, David Berenbaum, Joshua Silver, and Anna Gullickson,
Are Banks on the Map? An Analysis of Bank Branch Location in Working Class and
Minority Neighborhoods, Washington, DC: National Community Reinvestment Coalition,
March 2007.
paper-westrich.pdf
(2.8MB)
Marva Williams, Critical Capital: How Secondary Capital Investments Help Low-Income
Credit Unions Hit Their Stride, Chicago, IL: Woodstock Institute, May 2002.
paper-williams02.pdf (150KB)
Marva Williams, Financial Services for People of Modest Means: Lessons from Low-Income Credit Unions, Chicago, IL: Woodstock Institute, March 2004.
paper-williams04.pdf (800KB)
Marva Williams, Building Community Assets: Growing Lower-Income Credit Union Membership
Through Community and Credit Union Partnerships, Chicago, IL: Woodstock Institute,
Ma, June 2008.
paper-williams08.pdf (450KB)
Woodstock Institute, Foreclosure Fallout: an Analyst of Foreclosure Auctions in
the Chicago Region, Chicago, IL: Woodstock Institute, August 2008.
paper-woodstock08.pdf (730KB)
REPORTS
William Apgar et al., The 25th Anniversary of the Community Reinvestment Act:
Access to Capital in an Evolving Financial Services System, prepared for the
Ford Foundation, Cambridge, MA: The Joint Center for Housing Studies, Harvard
University, March 2002.
report-apgar.pdf
(1.7MB)
Andrew Bershadker,
Michael Bzdil, James Greer, and Supapol Siris, Three Year Trend Analysis of
Community Investment Impact System Institutional Level Report Data: FY 2003-2005,
U.S. Department of the Treasury, CDFI Fund, December 2007.
report-berkshadker-et-al.pdf (6.6MB)
Debbie Gruenstein Bocian and Aracelis Gray, Enhancing Access to Community
Development Capital: Strategies for Strengthening Low and Moderate Income Communities,
Washington, DC: The Finance Project, January 2005.
report-bocian-gray.pdf
(680KB)
Michael Brostek, Kevin Daly, Thomas Gilbert, Evan Gilman, Tami Gurley-Calvez,
Katherine Harper, Stuart Kaufman, Summer Lingard, Don Marples, Donna Miller;
Ed Nannenhorn, Karen O’Conor, and Cheryl Peterson, New Markets Tax Credit
Appears to Increase Investment by Investors in Low-Income Communities, but
Opportunities Exist to Better Monitor Compliance, Report 07-296, Washington, DC: United States Government Accountability Office, January 2007.
report-brostek-et-al.pdf
(2MB)
CDFI Data Project, Community Development Financial Institutions: Providing Capital,
Building Communities, Creating Impact, FY 2007 Data, Seventh Edition, Philadelphia,
PA: Opportunity Finance Network, July 2009.
report-cdp-fy07.pdf (2.2MB)
Community Development Venture Capital Association (CDVCA), Report on the Industry
2002, New York: CDVCA, 2004.
report-cdvca.pdf
(544KB)
Prabal Chakrabarti, David
Erickson, Ren S. Essene, Ian Galloway, and John Olson, Eds., Revisiting the CRA:
Perspectives on the Future of the Community Reinvestment Act, Boston, MA and San
Francisco, CA: Federal Reserve Banks of Boston and San Francisco, February 2009.
report-chakrabarti-et-al.pdf (2.8MB)
Ray Daffner and Greg Bischak, Capitalizing on Rural Communities: Emerging Development Venture Capital Funds in Appalachia, Washington, DC: Appalachia Regional Commission, 2000.
report-daffner-bisschak.pdf (5.5MB)
Development Finance Forum, Capital Plus: The challenge of development in development
finance institutions, Chicago, IL: Development Finance Forum, 2004.
report-development-finance.pdf
(932KB)
Sarah Dewees, Investing in Community: Community Development Financial Institutions
in Native Communities, Kyle, SD and Fredericksburg, VA: First Nations Oweesta
Corporation and First Nations Development Institute, April 2004.
report-dewees.pdf
(436KB)
Elaine L. Edgcomb and Joyce A. Klein. Opening Opportunities, Building Ownership:
Fulfilling the Promise of Microenterprise in the United States. Washington,
D.C.: The Aspen Institute, February 2005.
report-edgcomb.pdf
(1.2MB)
Elaine Edgcomb and Joyce A. Klein, Opening Opportunities, Building Ownership:
Fulfilling the Promise of Microenterprise in the United States, Washington,
DC: FIELD/The Aspen Institute, February 2005.
report-edgcomb-klein.pdf
(1.2MB)
Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, “An Informed Discussion: Achieving
Sustainability, Scale, and Impact in Community Development Finance: A Conference
Summary,” Profitwise News and Views, Special Edition, December 2005.
report-fed-chicago.pdf
(1.1MB)
Arthur A. Garcia, Director, Performance and Accountability Report FY 2005, Washington,
DC: U.S. Department of Treasury, Community Development Financial Institutions
Fund, 2006.
report-garcia.pdf
(3.2MB)
Christopher E. Herbert, Jennifer Turnham, Christopher N. Rodger, The State of
the Housing Counseling Industry,” Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Housing
and Urban Development, September 2008.
report-herbert-et-al.pdf (2.1MB)
Wei Li and Keith S. Ernst, The Best Value in the Subprime Market: State Predatory
Lending Reforms, Durham, NC: Center for Responsible Lending, Feb. 23, 2006.
report-li-ernst.pdf
(436KB)
William Myers, Steer Clear: How Credit Unions Help Car Buyers Avoid Predatory
Loans, Washington, DC: National Credit Union Foundation, August 2008.
report-myers.pdf (650KB)
*NEW*
National Community Investment Fund, The CDFI Banking Sector: 2008 Annual Financial
and Social Performance, Chicago, IL: NCIF, August 2009.
report-ncif.pdf
(190KB)
National Community Reinvestment Coalition, CRA Commitments, Washington, DC:
NCRC, summer 2005.
report-ncrc.pdf
(462KB)
National Community Reinvestment Coalition, Income is No Shield: Against Racial
Differences in Lending II: A Comparison of High-Cost Lending in America’s
Metropolitan and Rural Areas, Washington, DC: National Community Reinvestment
Coalition, July 2008.
report-ncrc08.pdf (3.4MB)
National Community Reinvestment Coalition, with The Opportunity Agenda and
the Poverty & Race Research Action Council, Homeownership and Wealth Building
Impeded: Continuing Lending Disparities for Minorities and Emerging Obstacles
for Middle-Income and Female Borrowers of All Races, Washington, DC and New
York, NY: NCRC, The Opportunity Agenda, and PRRAC, April 2006.
report-ncrc-et-al.pdf
(264KB)
National Council of
Negro Women and National Community Reinvestment Coalition, Assessing the Double
Burden: Examining Racial and Gender Disparities in Mortgage Lending, Washington,
DC: NCNW and NCRC, June 2009.
report-ncnw-ncrc.pdf (3,2MB)
New Markets Tax Credit Coalition, The New Markets Tax Credit—Progress
Report 2006, Washington DC: NMTC Coalition, May 2006.
report-nmtc-coalition.pdf
(1.5MB)
Anna Paulson, Audrey Singer, Robin Newberger, and Jeremy Smith, Financial Access
for Immigrants: Lessons from Diverse Perspectives, Chicago, IL and Washington,
DC: Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago and The Brookings Institution, May 2006,
report-paulson-et-al.pdf
(1.8MB)
Mary Phillips, Development in Native Communities: Native American Community Development
Financial Institutions, Fredericksburg, VA: Native Assets Research Center, May
2005,
report-phillips.pdf (2.5MB)
Bob Rapoza, Alison Feighan, Keith Bisson, and Jonathan Halpern, New Markets
Tax Credits: A Progress Report, Washington, DC: New Markets Tax Credit Coalition,
May 2005.
report-rapoza-et-al.pdf
(430KB)
Gregory A. Ratliff and Kirsten S. Moy with Laura Casoni, Steve Davidson, Cathie
Mahon, and Fred Mendez, “New Pathways to Scale for Community Development
Finance,” Profitwise News and Views. Chicago: U.S. Federal Reserve, December
2004.
report-ratliff.pdf
(811KB)
Nicolas P. Retsinas, editor, Building Assets, Building Credit: Symposium Proceedings,
Cambridge, MA: Joint Center for Housing Studies, Harvard University, November
2003.
report-retsinas.pdf
(540KB)
Amaad Rivera, Brenda Cotto-Escalera, Anisha Desai, Jeannette Huezo, and Dedrick
Muhammad, Foreclosed: State of the Dream 2008, Boston, MA: United for a Fair
Economy, January 2008.
report-rivera-et-al.pdf (684KB)
Julia Sass Rubin, “Community Development Venture Capital: A Report on
the Industry.” New York: CDVCA, 2001.
report-rubin.pdf
(248KB)
Tracy Fernandez Rysavy, editor, Investing in Communities. Washington DC: Social
Investment Forum and Co-op America, fall 2002.
report-rysavy.pdf
(778KB)
Josh Silver, Fair Lending Helps Community Prosperity: An Analysis of Fair Lending
DisparitiesIn the Baton Rouge Metro Area, reported prepared for the Louisiana
Community Reinvestment Coalition by the National Community Reinvestment Coalition,
with the support of United for a Fair Economy, Washington, D.C.: NCRC, June
2007.
report-silver.pdf
(944KB)
Joshua Silver with Kip Brown, CRA Commitments, Washington, DC: National Community
Reinvestment Coalition, September 2007.
report-silver-brown.pdf (418KB)
Social Investment Forum, 2005 Report on Socially Responsible Investing Trends
in the United States: 10 Year Review, Washington DC: Social Investment Forum,
Jan. 24, 2006.
report-social-investment.pdf
(356KB)
Dafina Williams, 2008 CDFI State Legislation and Advocacy Guide, Philadelphia,
PA: Opportunity Finance Network, December 2008.
report-williams09.pdf (10MB)
Glenn Yago, Betsy Zeidman, and Bill Schmidt, Creating Capital, Jobs and Wealth
in Emerging Domestic Markets: Financial Technology Transfer to Low-Income Communities,
Santa Monica, CA and New York, NY: Milken Institute and Ford Foundation, January
2003.
report-yago-et-al.pdf
(3.2MB)
Glenn Yago, Betsy Zeidman, Teresa Magula, and Jon Sederstrom, Emerging Domestic
Markets: Increasing Capital by Improving Data, Santa Monica, CA: Milken Institute,
April 2007.
report-yago-et-al.pdf
(1.4MB)
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