Social Enterprise
Overview \
Support Organizations \ Models
& Best Practices
Research Resources \ Articles-Publications
\ Video
ARTICLES-PUBLICATIONS
ARTICLES
Gar Alperovitz, Steve Dubb, and Ted Howard. “Policy Support
for Social Enterprise Development.” SPARC Change, winter 2005,
pages 3-4.
article-alperovitz.pdf
(790KB)
Jerr Boschee, “Eight Basic Principles for Nonprofit Entrepreneurs,” Nonprofit World, vol. 19, no. 4, July/August 2001, pp. 15-18.
article-boschee.pdf (100KB)
Kathy O. Brozek, “Exploring
the Continuum of Social and Financial Returns: When Does a Nonprofit Become
a Social Enterprise?,” San Francisco, CA: Federal Reserve Bank of San
Francisco, Community Development Investment Review, vol. 5, no. 2, August 2009,
pp. 7-17.
article-brozek.pdf
(380KB)
*NEW*
Paul Cheng and Joe Ludlow, The 3 Models of Social Enterprise: Creating social
impact through trading activities, Venturesome, Charities Aid Foundation, July
2008.
article-cheng-ludlow.pdf
(70KB)
Gerald F. Davis, Marina V.N. Whitman, & Mayer N. Zald, “The Responsibility
Paradox,” Stanford Social Enterprise Review, winter 2008, pp. 31-37.
article-davis-whitman.zald.pdf (790KB)
J. Gregory Dees, “Social Ventures as Learning Laboratories,” Boston,
MA: innovations, Davos-Klosers 2009, p. 11-16, 2009.
article-dees09.pdf (460KB)
*NEW*
J. Gregory Dees, “Social Ventures as Learning Laboratories,” Special
Edition for the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting, 2009.
article-dees09_2.pdf
(460KB)
Angela M. Eikenberry and Jodie Drapal Klover, “The Marketization of
the Nonprofit Sector: Civil Society at Risk? Public Administration Review, March/April
2004, vol. 64 (2), pp. 132-140.
article-eikenberry.pdf
(107KB)
Pablo Eisenberg. “The Public Loses Out When Charities Become Too Businesslike,”
The Chronicle of Philanthropy. June 10, 2004.
James Flanigan, “Entrepreneurial Edge: Small Businesses Offer Alternatives to Gang Life,” New York Times, March 20, 2008.
article-flanigan08.pdf (460KB)
David Gergen, The New Engines of Reform, US News & World Report, February
20, 2006.
article-gergen.pdf
(84KB)
Golden Gate Community, Inc. “What a Difference A Job Makes…The
Long-Term Impact of Golden Gate Community, Inc. Employment, volume
1, no. 1, January 2002.
article-ggci.pdf
(387KB)
Diane Lynch, Barbara Ann Elliott, Debbi D. Brock, “Appalachian By Design:
lessons on creating social value,” Social Enterprise Journal, vol. 4,
no. 3, September 2008, pp. 229-241.
article-lynch-et-al.pdf
(110KB)
REDF (formerly Roberts Enterprise Development Fund), “Employment Counts!
July 2004 update.” San Francisco: REDF, 2004.
article-redf.pdf
(1MB)
Don Shaffer, "Notes From the Leading Edge of Social Finance," Santa
Fe, NM: GreenMoney Journal, Fall 2008.
article-shaffer.pdf (110KB)
Jim Schorr, “Point of View—Social Enterprise 2.0: Moving toward
a sustainable model,” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Summer 2006,
pp. 12-13.
article-schorr.pdf
(168KB)
Michael Shuman, “The Revolution Will Not Be Grant Funded,” Shelterforce
Online, September-October 2005, issue no. 143.
article-shuman.pdf
(122KB)
Michael Shuman and Merrian Fuller, “Profits for Justice.” The Nation.
January 24, 2005.
www.thenation.com/docprint.mhtml?i=20050124&s=shuman
Karl Stark, “Nonprofit with for-profit ideas,” Philadelphia Inquirer, April 21, 2008.
article-stark.pdf (230KB)
Sara Terry, “Genius at Work.” Fast Company. Issue 17. September
1998.
www.fastcompany.com/magazine/17/genius.html
Tamara Thetford, “Blazing a Trail to Sustainable Social Enterprise: A
Case Example,” Carol D. Rugg, editor, Washington, DC: The Aspen Institute,
FIELD Forum, January 2008, pp. 1-8.
article-thetford.pdf (345KB)
Linda Watkins, “Providence Business Uplifts the Poor,”
Communities & Banking, January 2008, pp. 29-31.
article-watkins.pdf
(196KB)
Andrew Wolk, The Business of Social Change: Root Cause’s Social Innovation
Forum Models a New Approach to Funding Nonprofits Locally, Cambridge, MA: Root
Cause, February 2007.
article-wolk.pdf
(136KB)
BOOKS
David Altstadt, Making Social Enterprises Work for Welfare: The Value of Funding Transitional Jobs through Profits, M.A. thesis, Washington, DC: Georgetown University, May 2007.
book-alstadt.pdf (570KB)
Christopher Gunn, Third Sector Development: Making Up for the
Market. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2004.
Lester M. Salamon, “The Resilient Sector: The State of Nonprofit
America.” The State of Non-Profit America, Lester Salamon,
editor, Washington D.C.: Brookings, 2002. (First chapter only is
available on line)
book-salamon.pdf
(254KB)
Burton Weisbrod, editor, To Profit or Not To Profit, New York:
Columbia University Press, 1998.
Murray S. Weitzman, Nadine Jalandoni, Linda Lampkin and Thomas
H. Polark: for the Independent Sector and the Urban Institute. The
New Nonprofit Almanac and Desk Reference. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass,
2002.
PAPERS
Sarah H. Alvord, L. David Brown and Christine W. Letts. Social
Entrepreneurship and Social Transformation: An Exploratory Study.
Harvard University: The Hauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations
and The Kennedy School of Government, Working Paper #15. November
2002.
paper-alvord.pdf
(119KB)
*NEW*
Paul N. Bloom and Aaron K. Chatterji, Scaling Social Entrepreneurial Impact,
Berkeley, CA: Pending Publication in California Management Review, January 2009.
paper-bloom-chatterji.pdf
(90KB)
*NEW*
Center for Advancement of Social Entrepreneurship, Developing the Field of Social
Entrepreneurship, Durham, NC: June 2008.
paper-case.pdf
(2,4MB)
Stephanie Clohesy, Blurred Boundaries and Muddled Motives: A World of Shifting
Social Responsibilities, W.K. Kellogg Foundation, November 2003.
paper-clohesy-nov03.pdf (370KB)
Greg Dees. The Meaning of Social Entrepreneurship, Kansas City, MO and Palo
Alto, CA: Kauffman Foundation and Stanford University, October 1998 (revised
May 2001).
paper-dees.pdf
(29KB)
Jed Emerson, Tim Freundlich, and Jim Fruchterman, with Loren Berlin and Keely
Stevenson, Nothing Ventured, Nothing Gained: Addressing the Critical Gaps in
Risk Taking Capital for Social Enterprise, Working Paper, Oxford, UK: Oxford
Said Business School, Skoll Centre for Social Entrepreneurship, March 2007.
paper-emerson-et-al.pdf
(492KB)
Allison Fine, Social Citizens, Washington, DC: Case Foundation, April 2008.
paper-fine.pdf (4.6MB)
Cynthia Gair, If the Shoe Fits: Nonprofit or For-Profit? The Choice Matters,
San Francisco, CA: REDF, December 2005.
paper-gair.pdf
(1.2MB)
Michele Jolin, Investing in Social Entrepreneurship and Fostering Innovation, Washigton, DC: Center for American Progress, December 2007.
paper-jolin.pdf (3MB)
Janelle A. Kerlin, A Comparative Analysis of the Global Emergence of Social
Enterprise, Atlanta, GA: Georgia State University, Nonprofit Studies Program,
November 2006.
paper-kerlin.pdf (360KB)
Cynthia W. Massarsky and Samantha L. Beinhacker, Enterprising Nonprofits:
Revenue Generation in the Nonprofit Sector. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Yale School
of Management and The Goldman Sachs Foundation Partnership on Nonprofit Ventures,
May 2002.
paper-massarsky.pdf
(69KB)
Cinthia Schuman Ottinger, Mobilizing Change: 10 nonprofit Policy Proposals to strengthen U.s. communities, Washington, DC: Aspen Institute, Nonprofit Sector and Philanthropy Program, June 2008.
paper-ottinger.pdf (4MB)
Patrick Rooney and Heidi K. Frederick, Paying for Overhead: A Study of the Impact
of Foundations’ Overhead Payment Policies on Educational and Human Service
Organizations, Working Paper, Indianapolis, IN: The Center on Philanthropy,
Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, March 2007.
paper-rooney-frederick.pdf
(592KB)
William Rosenzweig with Catherine Clark, David Long, and Sara Olsen, Double
Bottom Line Project Report: Assessing Social Impact In Double Bottom Line Ventures,
Working Paper 13, Berkeley, CA: Center for Responsible Business, University
of California Berkeley, 2004.
paper-rosenzweig.pdf
(1.5MB)
Lester M. Salamon, with Stephanie L. Geller, “Investment Capital: The
New Challenge for American Nonprofits,” Listening Post Project, Communiqué
No. 5, Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University, Institute for Policy Studies,
Center for Civil Society Studies, 2006.
paper-salamon-geller.pdf
(584KB)
David A. Sherman, Social Entrepreneurship: Pattern-Changing Entrepreneurs and
the Scaling of Social Impact, Cleveland, OH: Case Western Reserve University,
Weatherhead School of Management, 2006.
paper-sherman.pdf
(282KB)
Andrew Wolk and Colleen Connolly, WriteBoston: Moving from Free to Fee, Cambridge,
MA: Root Cause, 2009.
paper-wolk-connolly.pdf (1.1MB)
Dennis R. Young, “Social Enterprise in the United States: Alternate
Identities and Forms.” The EMES Conference, The Social Enterprise: A Comparative
Perspective. Trento, Italy: December 13-15, 2001.
paper-young.pdf
(200KB)
Dennis R. Young, A Unified Theory of Social Enterprise, Atlanta, GA: Georgia
State University, Nonprofit Studies Program, January 2007.
paper-young07.pdf (320KB)
REPORTS
Sheila Bonini and Jed Emerson. The Blended Value Map: Tracking
the Intersects and Opportunities of Economic, Social, and Environmental
Value Creation, October 2003 [updated January 2004].
report-bonini.pdf
(2.5MB)
Sheila Bonini and Jed Emerson, “Executive Summary,”
October 2003.
report-bonini2.pdf
(150KB)
Sheila Bonini and Jed Emerson, Maximizing Blended Value — Building Beyond
the Blended Value Map to Sustainable Investing, Philanthropy and Organizations.
January 2005.
report-bonini3.pdf
(500KB)
Jerr Boschee, editor, The Social Enterprise Sourcebook. Eden Prairie,
MN: The Institute of Social Entrepreneurs, 2002.
report-boschee.pdf
(1MB)
BTW Consultants, Inc., REDF: Social Impact Report 2005: What a Difference
a Job Makes—The Long-Term Impact of Enterprise Employment, Berkeley, CA:
BTW, Nov. 2005.
report-btw.pdf
(404KB)
Annie Burke, with Leslie Wolf and Anu Sanghvi, SheVentures Resource Guide, Los
Angeles, CA: SheVentures, August 2004,
report-burke.pdf
(548KB)
Center for the Advancement of Social Entrepreneurship, Developing the Field of
Social Entrepreneurship, Durham, NC: Center for the Advancement of Social Entrepreneurship,
Duke University: The Fuqua School of Business, June 2008.
report-case.pdf (2.4MB)
Community Wealth Ventures, Powering Social Change. Washington D.C.: 2003.
report-community.pdf
(1.5MB)
Ira Cutler, The Double Bottom Line: Lessons on Social Enterprise from Seedco’s
Nonprofit Venture Network 2001-2004. New York: Seedco, January 2005.
report-cutler.pdf
(480KB)
Community Wealth Ventures, Inc., Streams of Hope: Social Franchising: A New Path
to Wealth for Nonprofits, Washington, DC: Community Wealth Ventures and Social
Franchise Ventures Initiative, November 2008.
report-cwv.pdf (5.6MB)
Independent Sector. The New Nonprofit Almanac in Brief: Facts and Figures on
the Independent Sector 2001. Washington, D.C.: Independent Sector, 2001.
report-independent-sector.pdf
(700KB)
The Institute for Social Entrepreneurs “Evolution of social enterprise
industry: A chronology of key events,” Dallas, TX: The Institute for Social
Entrepreneurs, August 2008.
report-ise.pdf (2.1MB)
Neil Kleinman and Nancy Rosenbaum, with Jennifer Carleton-Nathan and Emma Openhiem,
ed. by Andrea Coller, The Limits of Social Enterprise: A Field Study & Case
Analysis, New York, NY: Seedco Policy Center, June 2007.
report-kleinman-rosenbaum.pdf
(976KB)
Mark R. Kramer, Measuring Innovation: Evaluation in the Field of Social Entrepreneurship.
San Francisco, CA: Foundation Strategy Group, April 2005.
report-kramer.pdf
(656KB)
Jim Masters, Profit Making for Nonprofits and Social Enterprise Tool Kit. Berkeley,
CA: Center for Community Futures, September 2003.
report-masters.rtf
(2.5MB)
Katherine McCormack with Sarah M. Eisinger, Profiting from Purpose: Profiles
of Success and Challenge in Eight Social Purpose Businesses. New York: Seedco,
January 2005.
report-mccormack.pdf
(1.9MB)
Nonprofit Congress, Deliberations, Decisions & Planning: National Meeting
Highlights, Washington, DC: National Council of Nonprofit Associations, October
16-17, 2006.
report-nonprofit-congress.pdf
(1.5MB)
Olszak Management Consulting, Inc. Nonprofit Finance and Innovation: Implications
For Training & Education, Pittsburgh, PA: Olszak Management Consulting, Inc.,
2006.
report-olszak06.pdf (960KB)
Roberts Enterprise Development Fund. REDF Box Set: Social Purpose Enterprises
and Venture Philanthropy in the New Millennium. San Francisco: REDF, 1999. report-redf99-1.pdf
(1.4MB)
report-redf99-2.pdf
(2.7MB)
report-redf99-3.pdf
(1.3MB)
Roberts Enterprise Development Fund. New Social Entrepreneurs: The Success,
Lessons, and Challenge of Non-Profit Enterprise Creation. San Francisco: The
Roberts Foundation Homeless Economic Fund, September 1996.
report-redf96-intro.pdf
(250KB)
report-redf96-1.pdf
(1.5MB)
report-redf96-2.pdf
(1MB)
Mark Schlesinger, Bradford
Gray and Karl Kronebusch, The Legitimacy of Nonprofit Enterprise in Regulated
Industries: Specifying and Testing a Theory of Differential Regulatory Compliance,
Washington, DC: The Aspen Institute, 2008.
report-schlesinger.pdf (380KB)
Amy L. Sherman and John C. Green, Faith-Based Entrepreneurs: A Survey of Earned-Income
Venturing by Social Service FBOs in Twelve Cities, Charlottesville, VA and Akron,
OH: Center on Faith Communities and the Bliss Institute, University of Akron,
January 2006.
report-sherman-green.pdf
(128KB)
Bill Shore Jennifer Vanica, Mario Morino, Sean Closkey, Clara Miller, Julius Walls, and George Gendron, Achieving Impact and Sustainability through Market-Based Approaches: Discussion Highlights, A convening sponsored by Community Wealth Ventures, October 27, 2007, Washington, DC: Community Wealth Ventures, March 2008.
report-shore-et-al.pdf (780KB)
Douglas Steinberg, Heidi Rahn and Andy Horsnel, Igniting Innovation: A Thought
Leaders’ Strategy Forum—Meeting Report, Portland, Oregon: Lemelson
Foundation, October 6, 2005.
report-steinberg.pdf
(1MB)
Andrew M. Wolk, Social Entrepreneurship & Government:
A New Breed of Entrepreneurs Developing Solutions to Social
Problems, Cambridge, MA: Root Cause, 2007.
report-wolk.pdf
(364KB)
Andrew Wolk, Advancing Social Entrepreneurship—Recommendations for Policy Makers and Government Agencies, Cambridge, MA and Washington, DC: Root Cause and the Aspen Institute, April 2008.
report-wolk08.pdf (600KB)
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